The importance of the Geographical Matrix in Delineating Spatial Sampling Units to Study Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources and Agricultural Production in Morocco's Semi-Arid Regions, and Adaptation Strategies: A Case Study of the Phosphate Plateau

Abstract

This research paper addresses a methodological aspect of geographical studies, namely the matrix of indicators and its role in determining the field sampling units. This is a new method for addressing geographical topics, especially rural ones. This is done through a diagnostic study of the field as a preliminary and essential step for research, in order to identify strengths, weaknesses, similarities, and differences in its characteristics, through a detailed inventory of the indicators contributing to water resources and agricultural production as key variables for our research. These indicators include topography, soil, climate, water resources, and the area of ​​the main grain crop. Their rates were assessed according to the study groups in the phosphate plateau, which number approximately 54 out of 67 groups in the Settat and Khouribga provinces. This process resulted in groups of territorial communities with similar characteristics and features, enabling us to select a case study from each group according to precise scientific criteria. This allowed us to cover the area for fieldwork, distributing the sample and questionnaire. Our aim is to determine the extent to which the population is affected by climate change, which impacts water resources and agricultural production, and consequently, exploitation patterns and their economic and social conditions. We also aim to identify the methods and measures adopted to adapt to these climate changes